We like Indians. alot

 

 This is Jon.  I got the music we need on the computer that we used on Friday.  So make sure we get that computer.

 

Jon again.  Sorry, but I had to make a executive decision and delete the bum-bum-bum.  Kathryn's laughing reaqlly destroys the mood, and I can't think of any reason why it would be beneficial to the project.  Sorry if you're angry with me, but I believe it's from the betterment of our grade.

 

Alrighty, I finished touching up the project.  It looks really nice, and the music really adds a heck of a lot to the presentation.  Nice job, everybody.

 

Addendum: What are people's opinions on a "The End Page" or a Title page?  Should we add one?  I think it would be somewhat beneficial to add a title page, but it doesn't make much of a difference to me.

 

Project:

 To analyze multiple resources to explain the contacts between the american indians and the european settlers duing the age of discovery.

How would you depict the past and the importance of the state of affairs between native americans and europeans

 

 

 The native americans are seen in this picture as very wild and untamed people, ones with no mercy nor inhibitions. There faces are drawn to look very fierce and evil

 

This picture shows the colonists and natives intermixed and not separated at all, representing a healthy relationship containing trust and kindness. The colonist's outstretched hands toward the native american shows this trust

 

 

 

 

Trade is occurring, and although the native americans and colonists are close together, they are still distinctively divided into separate sides of the drawing and neither groups look particularly happy or kind

 

 

 

 

  Here the Natives are trading with the europeans but with weapons present it does not appear to be a friendly negotiation. The indians and europeans have a large amount of space seperating them, perhaps to signify the chasm which lies between their two cultures. They appear uneasy. 

 

 

 

 

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/native_voices/native_voices.cfm

 

 

Cultures Collide

The collision of cultures that occurred when Europeans arrived in the New World had vast consequences for both European and Native Americans. Eating habits were revolutionized, as the potato, corn, and chocolate were introduced to the Old World, and sugar, cattle, chickens, pigs, and sheep were introduced to the New World. Patterns of world trade were also overturned, as New World crops--like tobacco and cotton--and vastly expanded production of sugar--ignited growing consumer markets.

Even the natural environment was transformed. Native Americans had not only adapted to the physical environment--they also shaped it to meet their needs. By building irrigation systems and using fire to clear out brush, the Indian people provided themselves with agricultural land and encouraged the growth of wild game. But Europeans had a much more devastating impact on the environment, clearing huge tracts of forested lands and inadvertently introducing a vast variety of Old World weeds. The introduction of cattle, goats, horses, sheep, and swine also transformed the ecology, as grazing animals ate up many native plants.

The horse, extinct in the Americas for 10,000 years, produced a cultural revolution. It radically reshaped the lives of the Plains Indians, transforming hunting, transportation, and warfare. Initially, Indians did not know what to make of these huge animals, which one group described as elk dogs.The introduction of the horse encouraged groups like the Cheyenne, who had been farmers, to become hunters. Horses made hunters much more adept at killing wild game.

Death and disease--these too were consequences of contact. Diseases against which the Indian peoples had no natural immunities caused the greatest mass deaths in history. Within a century of contact, the germs that Europeans carried had killed 50 to 80 percent of the Indian population. Disease radically reduced the resistance that Native Americans were able to offer to the European intruders.

For thousands of years, Indians had lived in biological isolation. Unlike Europeans, who were exposed to a large variety of pathogens from birth, the people of the Americas were immunologically defenseless. They had crossed into the New World in small bands, too small to keep epidemic diseases alive. The extremely cold climate of present-day Alaska and Canada kept many diseases from penetrating southward into the Americas. Furthermore, the Indians had no herds of cattle, horses, pigs, and sheep to keep pathogens active. And in America north of Mexico there were few cities with the thousands of inhabitants necessary to spread diseases. As a result, the peoples of the New World proved extraordinarily vulnerable to cholera, gonorrhea, measles, mumps, smallpox, whooping cough, and yellow fever.

Adult men were particularly susceptible to the ravages of disease. Although sometimes called the "stronger" sex, men between the ages of fifteen and forty were particularly likely to die in epidemics. The spread of disease also strained religious belief systems, persuading many that their ancestral gods had forsaken them and leading some Indians to embrace Christianity. While the ravages of disease caused some people to adopt a more nomadic existence, other Indians responded by establishing new tribes out of the surviving remnants of earlier societies.

With the Indian population decimated by disease, Europeans would introduce a new labor force into the New World: enslaved Africans, who would be put to work in mines and on sugar and tobacco plantations in astonishing numbers. Between 1502 and 1870, when the slave trade was finally suppressed, ten million Africans were shipped to the Americas.

Yet it is important to realize that despite the death, disease, and destruction wrought by contact, the people of North America were not transformed into helpless pawns. They retained vibrant cultures that struggled mightily to adapt to a radically changing environment.

 

 

http://www.hsp.org/default.aspx?id=91

 

Images of Natives and the Colonial Encounter

 

1.      Engraving, Indian Family, from Kort abeskrifning om beskrifning om provincien Nya Swerige uit America...[ A short description of the province of New Sweden], by Thomas Campanius Holm, 1702, Society Collection 

 

2.      Engraving, Novae Svecia scu Pensylvania in America, from Kort beskrifning om beskrifning om provincien Nya Swerige uit America...[ A short description of the province of New Sweden], by Thomas Campanius Holm, 1702

This woodcut depicting Indians and Swedes engaged in trade was carved by Tomas Campanius. He never visited America but created the image from descriptions written by his grandfather who lived in New Sweden from 1643 to   1648. The inaccuracies of this image include circular headdreses, the depiction of war at point blank range, palm trees and three varieties of dwellings.

3.      Excerpt, Letter From William Penn to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders, 1683 (pdf)

Seeking to populate his new colony, William Penn published accounts of life in Pennsylvania aimed at encouraging immigration and settlement. These pamphlets were published in several European languages and provided detailed descriptions of the land, people, flora, and fauna of the new world. This section of the pamphlet describes the appearance and lifeways of the Lenni Lenape, or Delawares.

4.   Images of William Penn's Treaty with the Indians

 

 

 

Jay I. Kislak Foundation

Christopher Columbus, De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis. Bound with Carlo Verardi, In laudem...Ferdinandi Hispaniarum regis... Basel: Johann Bergmann de Olpe, 1494.

This edition of Columbus's letter contains the first portrait of the peoples whom the Admiral encountered. A woodcut entitled "Insula hyspana" shows two groups of naked Indians looking at each other as well as at the approaching Europeans in wonderment and apprehension. Two Europeans in a small boat row to the shore, while the caravel (resembling more Noah's ark than a 15th century sailing ship) sits in the water with its oars up. The scene is the moment before an exchange of gifts, while the scenery vaguely resembles a European pastoral. The image places the notion of exchange at the center of the encounter: each side was giving, each was getting.

Jay I. Kislak Foundation

Simon Grynaeus and Johann Huttich, Novis orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum. Basle: Johann Hervagius, 1532 [detail from map].

One tenuous iconographic tradition depicted American natives as cruel, bloodthirsty aggressors. Often, such images represented the Indians as cannibals. Scholars continue to debate whether or not any native groups actually consumed human flesh for purposes either of religious ritual or of revenge and conquest. But regardless of the truth of the matter, European artists and engravers depicted scenes of cannibalism occurring anywhere from the Caribbean to Canada.

Special Collections, University of Pennsylvania Library	Jean de Léry, Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique... Geneva: For the heirs of Eustache Vignon, 1594.
Léry, a French Protestant, accompanied an ill-fated French colonial expedition to Brazil. His popular account of the voyage (first edition, 1578) contains extended descriptions of the Tupinamba Indians. The illustrations, however, reflect classical and medieval traditions, not New World realities.

	Arnoldus Montanus, De nieuwe en onbekende Weereld.. Amsterdam: J. van Meurs, 1671 [detail from map].

 

 

 

Trade is occurring, and although the native americans and colonists are close together, they are still distinctively divided into separate sides of the drawing and neither groups look particularly happy or kind

 

 

 

BACONS REBELLION!!!

 

 

 

Nathaniel Bacon, was a young, wealthy Englishman who had recently settled in the backcountry of Virginia to grow Tobacco and keep his wealth rolling in. Like most Englishmen in  1675 colonial Virginia he thought that the Indians were the enemies. And Bacon didn’t want anything bringing him down so he decided that he should take it upon himself to lead a

crusade against the “enemy.” The governor of the colony, William Berkeley denied Bacon the right to lead soldiers and charged Bacon with treason for going against the rules.

But that did not stop Bacon.  His men and him decided that they would go to a nearby tribe, the Occaneechees, and they happened to convince them that they needed

to capture warriors from a nearby unfriendly tribe. When the returned, Bacon’s men killed the captives and then proceeded to open fire on their “allies.”

Soon after returning to Jamestown Virginia, Berkeley took Bacon into arrest, and later pardoned him instead of sentencing him death. Without the commission that Bacon felt he neede, he returned to Jamestown with five hundred men. Berkeley was forces to give Bacon a commision, only later to delclare that it was a void. When Bacon leadned of the Govenor's declaration, he headed back to Jamestown from fighting the Indians. The Governor immediately fled, along with a few of his supporters. After a bit of time. Bacon promised to free the slaves and servamts who would join their cause, just like Berkeley.  In the late 1676, Bacon and his men set Jamestown on fire. Bacons rebellion ended after some British authorities sent a royal force to assist in the uprising and the arresting scores of committed rebels, white and black. Around late October, Bacon died, and his rebellion fizzle to a stop. Bacon's rebellion demonstrated that the porr whites and the poor blacks could be united in a cause. This later hastened the transition of racial slavery!

 

 

 

 

 

abby

 

 

 

 

abbby

 

 

Group members

 

• Abby - zarotnya@gmail.com
• Kathryn - kitkat81891@yahoo.com
• Frankie - frankiefroggy@yahoo.com
• Colton - coltoncrowley16@yahoo.com  i don't check this much use this aim scren name: colt45555555
• Jon - bladeofantioch@aol.com